4+1 Architectural Views
Kruchten's logical, process, development, physical, and scenario views of architecture.
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Framework Catalog
747 entries across 29 disciplines. Pass II enrichment baseline.
747 of 747 entries shown
4Cs of Marketing
Lauterborn's customer-centric reframe: consumer, cost, convenience, communication.
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4Ps of Marketing
McCarthy's product, price, place, promotion as the four levers of marketing.
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7Ps of Marketing
Booms and Bitner's extension adding people, process, and physical evidence for services.
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A Course in Miracles
Helen Schucman's spiritual text and curriculum synthesizing Christian language with Vedantic non-dualism, organized around the distinction between the ego and the Holy Spirit.
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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Hayes' framework using acceptance and values clarification rather than symptom reduction.
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Accrual Accounting
Recognition principle recording revenues when earned and expenses when incurred regardless of cash timing; the foundation of modern financial reporting.
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ACID Properties
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability — guarantees for reliable transactions.
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Active Recall
Self-testing rather than re-reading to strengthen memory consolidation.
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Activity-Based Costing
Cooper and Kaplan's cost allocation framework assigning overhead to products based on activities consumed rather than volume-based allocation.
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Actor-Network Theory
Latour and Callon's framework treating humans and non-humans as symmetric actants in networks.
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ADDIE Model ⚑
Instructional design: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate.
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ADKAR
Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement — Prosci's individual-change model.
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Adlerian Individual Psychology
Adler's framework emphasizing inferiority, social interest, and lifestyle.
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Affinity Diagram
Group disparate ideas into emergent themes by intuitive sorting.
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After Action Review
Structured reflection on what was intended, what happened, why, and what to do next.
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Agenda-Setting Theory
Media doesn't tell us what to think but powerfully shapes what to think about.
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AI Bill of Rights
US Office of Science and Technology Policy's blueprint articulating five principles for automated systems affecting Americans' rights.
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AIDA
Attention, Interest, Desire, Action — classic linear advertising response model.
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AIDAS ⚑
AIDA extended with Satisfaction to capture post-purchase loyalty.
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AirLand Battle
1980s US Army doctrine integrating deep strikes with maneuver warfare.
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ALCO Framework ⚑
Bank governance framework for managing interest rate risk, liquidity, and balance sheet structure.
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Allostasis
Sterling and Eyer's framework of stability through change, refining homeostasis.
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Andragogy
Knowles' framework distinguishing adult learning from pedagogy of children.
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Annales School
French historical school emphasizing long-duration structural history (longue durée), mentalités, and social-scientific integration over event-history.
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Ansoff Matrix
Maps growth strategies across existing/new products and existing/new markets.
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Anthroposophy
Rudolf Steiner's spiritual science framework describing spiritual hierarchies, etheric and astral bodies, and karmic evolution; basis of Waldorf education and biodynamic agriculture.
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Antifragility
Nassim Taleb's framework characterizing systems that gain rather than lose from disorder, volatility, and stress, distinct from both fragility and resilience.
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Aristotle's Poetics
Foundational analysis of tragedy with concepts of mimesis, catharsis, hamartia, peripeteia.
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Arrow's Impossibility Theorem
No rank-order voting system can satisfy a small set of fairness criteria simultaneously.
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ASC 606
FASB Accounting Standards Codification topic establishing a five-step framework for revenue recognition; converged with IFRS 15.
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ASC 805
FASB topic governing the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations including goodwill and intangible asset recognition.
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ASC 815
FASB topic governing recognition, measurement, and disclosure of derivative instruments and hedging activities.
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ASC 842
FASB topic requiring most leases to be recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.
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Asymmetric Warfare
Conflict between belligerents whose military power, strategy, or tactics differ significantly.
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Atomic Design
Frost's component hierarchy: atoms, molecules, organisms, templates, pages.
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Atomic Habits
James Clear's framework characterizing habit formation through the cue-craving-response-reward loop and four laws of behavior change.
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Attachment Theory
Bowlby and Ainsworth's framework of early bonds shaping internal working models of relationships.
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Austrian School
Tradition emphasizing methodological individualism, subjective value, and spontaneous order.
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Backcasting
Foresight method working backward from a desired future state to identify the actions and decisions needed to reach it.
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Backward Design
Wiggins and McTighe: start with desired outcomes, then plan assessment, then instruction.
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Balanced Scorecard
Performance measurement across financial, customer, internal process, and learning perspectives.
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BASE Properties
Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency — pragmatic alternative to ACID.
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Basel III
Bank capital, leverage, and liquidity standards from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, post-2008.
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BATNA
Fisher and Ury's concept of one's best fallback option outside the current negotiation, used as the threshold for accepting any agreement.
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Bayesian Epistemology
Belief modeled as probability and updated by Bayes' rule on new evidence.
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Bayesian Inference
Belief updating via Bayes' rule, applied across statistics, ML, and epistemology.
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Bayesian Networks
Directed acyclic graphs encoding probabilistic dependencies among variables.
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BCG Growth-Share Matrix
Classifies business units as Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks, or Dogs.
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Beatitudes
Christ's teachings in the Sermon on the Mount inverting conventional value hierarchies.
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Behavior-Driven Development
TDD variant using natural-language scenarios to specify behavior.
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Behavioral Activation
Increasing engagement with rewarding activities to interrupt depressive cycles.
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Behavioral Economics
Integrates psychological insights about human decision-making into economic models.
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Berklee Chord-Scale Theory
Berklee College of Music's pedagogical framework matching scales to chord types for jazz improvisation, codifying earlier bebop practice.
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Big Five
Five dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
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Big History
David Christian's framework presenting history as a unified narrative from cosmic origins through the present, integrating multiple disciplines.
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Biomimicry
Benyus' framework drawing design principles from nature's strategies.
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Biopsychosocial Model
Engel's framework integrating biological, psychological, and social dimensions of health.
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Black Swan Theory
Nassim Taleb's framework characterizing high-impact rare events that are unpredictable in advance, rationalized after the fact, and undersampled by historical experience.
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Bloom's Taxonomy
Hierarchy of cognitive learning objectives from remembering through evaluating and creating.
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Blue Ocean Strategy
Create uncontested market space rather than compete in saturated 'red oceans.'
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Blues Form
Compositional framework characterizing the twelve-bar blues progression with its characteristic harmonic motion and call-and-response phrase structure.
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Bounded Rationality
Herbert Simon's framework treating human decision-making as constrained by cognitive limits, information costs, and time pressure rather than approximating ideal rationality.
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Bourdieu's Habitus
Practice as the product of habitus, field, and forms of capital — economic, cultural, social.
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Bowen Family Systems Theory
Family as an emotional unit shaped by differentiation, triangles, and multigenerational transmission.
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Bowtie Analysis
Risk visualization linking causes through a top event to consequences with barriers between.
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Box Breathing ⚑
Inhale, hold, exhale, hold for equal counts to regulate the nervous system.
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Bridges' Transition Model
Distinguishes external change from internal psychological transition through endings, neutral zone, beginnings.
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Broaden-and-Build Theory
Fredrickson's theory that positive emotions broaden thought-action repertoires.
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Brooks' Law
Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later.
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BSA/AML
US framework requiring financial institutions to detect and report suspicious activity.
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Business Model Canvas
Nine-block visual schema for describing and iterating a business model.
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C4 Model
Brown's hierarchical software architecture diagrams: Context, Container, Component, Code.
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Cambridge School
Skinner and Pocock's contextualist approach to intellectual history, recovering historical meaning through linguistic and contextual reconstruction.
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CAMELS Rating
US bank examination rating: Capital, Assets, Management, Earnings, Liquidity, Sensitivity to market risk.
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CAP Theorem
Distributed system can guarantee at most two of consistency, availability, partition tolerance.
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Capability Approach
Sen and Nussbaum's framework evaluating well-being by what people can do and be.
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Capital Asset Pricing Model
Sharpe and Lintner's model relating expected return to systematic risk.
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Cardinal Virtues
Prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance — classical Greek and Christian schema.
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Care Ethics
Gilligan and Noddings' framework grounding ethics in relationships and responsiveness rather than abstract principle.
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Cash Accounting ⚑
Recognition principle recording transactions when cash changes hands; permitted for smaller entities and tax purposes in some jurisdictions.
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Causal Inference
Pearl and Rubin's frameworks for distinguishing correlation from causation.
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Causal Layered Analysis
Sohail Inayatullah's four-layer futures methodology analyzing the litany, social causes, worldviews, and myths underlying any contested future.
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CCAR
Federal Reserve's annual capital adequacy assessment of large bank holding companies.
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CCPA
California state law granting consumers rights over personal information collected by businesses.
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CECL
US GAAP standard requiring forward-looking estimation of expected credit losses over instrument lifetime.
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Cell Theory
All living organisms composed of cells, which arise only from existing cells.
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Centers of Gravity Analysis
Clausewitzian identification of the source of an opponent's strength.
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Central Dogma
Crick's framework of information flow from DNA to RNA to protein.
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Chaos Theory
Sensitive dependence on initial conditions in deterministic nonlinear systems.
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Choice Theory
Glasser's framework of human behavior driven by five basic needs.
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CI/CD
Frequent automated integration and deployment of small changes.
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Circle of Fifths
Visual and conceptual framework organizing the twelve pitch classes by perfect-fifth relationships, revealing key signatures, modulation paths, and harmonic distance.
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CIS Controls
Center for Internet Security's prioritized set of cybersecurity actions for organizations.
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Clean Architecture
Martin's synthesis of hexagonal and onion patterns with strict dependency rule.
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CliftonStrengths
Gallup's 34 talent themes used for strengths-based development.
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Clinical Reasoning
Generation and testing of diagnostic hypotheses.
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Cliometrics
Application of quantitative methods and economic theory to historical analysis, foundational to modern economic history.
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CMMC
DoD certification framework for protecting federal contract information and controlled unclassified information.
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CMMI
Five-level process maturity model: Initial, Managed, Defined, Quantitatively Managed, Optimizing.
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Coase Theorem
Under low transaction costs, externalities can be efficiently resolved by private bargaining.
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COBIT
ISACA framework for governance and management of enterprise IT.
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Code Review
Peer review of source changes before merge, both for quality and shared understanding.
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Coerver Method
Wiel Coerver's skill-based soccer coaching methodology emphasizing individual ball mastery through structured progression.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Beck's framework linking thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as targets for change.
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Festinger's account of discomfort from holding contradictory beliefs and motivated rationalization.
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Cognitive Reframing
Deliberately reinterpreting an event to alter its emotional charge.
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Coherentism
Knowledge justified by mutual support among beliefs, with no privileged foundation.
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Communities of Practice
Wenger's framework: groups sharing concern and deepening expertise through interaction.
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Community Reinvestment Act
US 1977 law requiring banks to meet credit needs of all communities they serve, including low-income areas.
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Comparative Advantage
Ricardo's principle: gains from trade arise from relative not absolute productivity differences.
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Comparative Historical Analysis
Skocpol and Tilly's methodology systematically comparing historical cases to identify causal patterns in macro-social processes.
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Complexity Theory
Study of resource requirements (time, space) for solving problems.
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Concept Mapping
Novak's visual representation of relationships among concepts.
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Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Lakoff and Johnson: abstract thought structured by metaphorical mappings from embodied experience.
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Conflict Theory
Society as an arena of struggle between groups over scarce resources and power, rooted in Marx.
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Connectivism
Siemens' learning theory for the digital age emphasizing networks of nodes.
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Consequentialism
Moral worth of action determined by its outcomes; utilitarianism is its most influential variant.
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Conservation of Resources Theory
Hobfoll's stress theory: people seek to acquire and protect valued resources.
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Construction Grammar
Approach treating constructions as basic form-meaning pairings, not derived from rules.
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Construction Manager at Risk
Construction project delivery method in which the construction manager commits to deliver within a guaranteed maximum price.
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Constructivism (Education)
Learning as active construction of meaning rather than passive reception.
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Constructivism (IR)
International behavior shaped by socially constructed identities and norms.
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Contractualism
Scanlon's view that moral principles are those no one could reasonably reject.
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Conway's Law
Organizations design systems mirroring their communication structures.
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Cooperative Principle
Grice's maxims of quantity, quality, relation, and manner governing conversational implicature.
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Cornell Note-Taking
Note format dividing the page into cues, notes, and summary sections.
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COSO ERM
Enterprise-level extension of COSO internal control framework integrating strategy and performance with risk.
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COSO Internal Control-Integrated Framework
Five-component framework for designing internal controls: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, monitoring.
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Cost Accounting Standards
Accounting standards established by the Cost Accounting Standards Board governing US government contractor cost allocation and measurement.
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Counterfactual History
Historical method using disciplined speculation about alternative outcomes to illuminate causation and contingency in actual events.
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Counterinsurgency Doctrine
Population-centric approach to defeating insurgencies through legitimacy and protection.
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CQRS
Separates read and write models for scalability and clarity.
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Cradle to Cradle
McDonough and Braungart's framework for circular materials flow eliminating waste.
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Critical Chain Project Management
Goldratt's application of Theory of Constraints to project management, replacing task-level safety with project-level buffers.
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Critical Path Method
Network analysis technique identifying the longest sequence of dependent activities and the project duration they determine.
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Critical Theory
Marxist-derived tradition critiquing culture, ideology, and instrumental rationality.
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Crossing the Chasm
Moore's adaptation showing the gap between early adopters and early majority.
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Crucial Conversations
Patterson, Grenny, McMillan, and Switzler's framework for high-stakes conversations involving strong emotions and opposing opinions.
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Crystal Methods
Cockburn's family of agile methodologies sized to project criticality and team size, ranging from Crystal Clear to Crystal Magenta.
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Cultural Materialism
Harris' framework prioritizing infrastructure (material conditions) in cultural explanation.
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Cultural Relativism
Boasian principle: cultures must be understood on their own terms, not judged by external standards.
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Customer Journey Mapping
Visualizes a customer's stages, touchpoints, emotions, and pain points across an experience.
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Customer Lifetime Value
Projected revenue from a customer relationship over its entire duration.
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Cyber Kill Chain
Seven-phase model of intrusion: reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command-and-control, actions on objectives.
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Cynefin Framework
Snowden's sense-making framework: clear, complicated, complex, chaotic, confused/aporetic.
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DACI ⚑
Driver, Approver, Contributors, Informed — decision-roles variant of RACI.
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Decision Theory
Normative analysis of choice under uncertainty using utility and probability.
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Decision Tree Analysis
Branching diagram of choices, chance events, and outcomes with associated values.
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Defense in Depth ⚑
Strategy using multiple overlapping security controls so failure of any single layer does not compromise the system.
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Deliberate Practice
Anders Ericsson's framework characterizing the specific, effortful, feedback-driven practice associated with expert performance.
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Delphi Method
RAND-developed structured method for eliciting expert consensus through iterated anonymous rounds with controlled feedback.
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Democratic Peace Theory
Empirical regularity that mature democracies rarely fight one another.
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Demographic Transition Theory
Stage model describing how populations move from high birth and death rates to low rates as societies industrialize, associated with Notestein.
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Deontology
Ethics grounded in duty and universalizable maxims, independent of consequences.
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Design of Experiments
Fisher's framework for systematically planning experiments to isolate causal effects.
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Design Thinking
Empathize-define-ideate-prototype-test cycle popularized by Stanford d.school and IDEO.
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Design-Bid-Build
Traditional construction project delivery method with sequential design, competitive bidding, and construction phases under separate contracts.
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Design-Build
Construction project delivery method consolidating design and construction responsibilities under a single contract.
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Determinants of Health
Conditions in which people live, work, and age that shape health outcomes.
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DevOps
Cultural and technical practices unifying development and operations.
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DFAST
Annual stress testing required for banks above asset thresholds under Dodd-Frank.
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Linehan's CBT extension adding mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotion regulation.
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Dialogic Organization Development
Bushe and Marshak's framework treating organizational change as emerging from shifts in conversation and meaning-making rather than diagnostic interventions.
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Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis
Four-feature framework for intrusion events: adversary, capability, infrastructure, victim.
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Differential Diagnosis
Systematic process of distinguishing among possible conditions explaining symptoms.
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Differential Privacy
Formal definition guaranteeing that the inclusion or exclusion of any single record does not significantly affect query outputs.
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Differentiated Instruction
Tomlinson's approach tailoring content, process, product to learner readiness, interest, profile.
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Difficult Conversations Framework
Stone, Patton, and Heen's framework distinguishing the 'what happened' conversation, the feelings conversation, and the identity conversation.
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Diffusion of Innovations
Rogers' S-curve model of how innovations spread through innovators, adopters, and laggards.
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DIME
Diplomatic, Information, Military, Economic instruments of national power.
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DISC Assessment
Behavioral typology along Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness.
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Disciplined Agile
PMI's hybrid agile framework providing a toolkit of practices drawn from Scrum, Kanban, XP, and other sources.
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Disruptive Innovation Theory
Low-end and new-market entrants displace incumbents serving overshot customers.
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DMADV ⚑
Six Sigma design cycle: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify.
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DMAIC
Six Sigma improvement cycle: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control.
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DoD 5000 Series
US Department of Defense's framework governing acquisition of weapons systems and other major defense programs.
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Dodd-Frank Act
US 2010 financial reform legislation establishing CFPB, FSOC, Volcker Rule, and resolution authority.
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Domain-Driven Design
Evans' approach aligning software model with domain language and bounded contexts.
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Don Norman's Design Principles
Visibility, feedback, constraints, mapping, consistency, affordance.
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Double Diamond
UK Design Council's discover-define-develop-deliver model with diverging and converging phases.
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Double-Entry Bookkeeping
Foundational logic of accounting representing every economic event as offsetting debits and credits across two or more accounts, codified by Pacioli in 1494 and underlying all modern accounting systems.
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Dramatica Theory
Phillips and Huntley's framework treating story as an analogy for a single mind solving a problem.
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DRY
Hunt and Thomas' principle: every piece of knowledge should have one authoritative representation.
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DSDM
Agile project delivery framework emphasizing fixed time and cost with variable scope, foundational to PRINCE2 Agile.
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Dual-Process Theory
Two modes of cognition: fast intuitive and slow deliberative, popularized by Kahneman.
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Dynamic Capabilities
Teece's view of advantage from sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring assets in changing environments.
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Dynamical Systems Theory
Study of systems evolving over time according to deterministic rules.
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Earned Value Management
Project performance measurement integrating scope, schedule, and cost; standardized in ANSI/EIA-748 and required in US federal contracting.
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Economic Complexity Index
Hausmann and Hidalgo's measure of national productive capability from export structure.
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Effective Complexity
Gell-Mann and Lloyd's measure separating regular from random components in a description, capturing the structured rather than random part.
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Effects-Based Operations
Targeting based on desired effects rather than physical destruction alone.
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Efficient Market Hypothesis
Fama's hypothesis that asset prices fully reflect available information.
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Ehrenberg-Bass Laws
Empirical regularities in buying behavior, including double jeopardy and brand penetration.
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Eight Limbs of Yoga
Patanjali's yamas, niyamas, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi.
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Eightfold Path
Buddhist path: right view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration.
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Eisenhower Matrix
Sorts tasks into four quadrants by urgency and importance.
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EMDR
Shapiro's bilateral-stimulation protocol for trauma processing.
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Empathy Map ⚑
Visual organizing what a user says, thinks, does, and feels.
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Endogenous Growth Theory
Romer and Lucas: technological progress as outcome of economic activity, not exogenous.
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Endosymbiotic Theory
Margulis' account of mitochondria and chloroplasts as descendants of engulfed bacteria.
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Enneagram
Nine interconnected personality types with wings, instincts, and integration arrows.
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Environmental History
Historical approach foregrounding human-environment interaction as a central driver of historical change, associated with Crosby and Worster.
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Epicureanism
Hellenistic philosophy seeking tranquility through prudent pleasure and absence of pain.
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Epidemiologic Triad
Classical model of infectious disease causation.
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Equal Temperament
Tuning framework dividing the octave into twelve mathematically equal semitones, optimizing key flexibility at the cost of pure intervals.
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Equity Theory
J. Stacy Adams's framework explaining workplace motivation through perceived fairness of input-outcome ratios compared to relevant others.
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Erikson's Stages
Eight psychosocial stages from trust vs mistrust through integrity vs despair.
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Ethnography
Immersive long-term fieldwork yielding detailed accounts of cultural practices.
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EU AI Act
European Union regulation establishing a risk-based framework for AI systems, including prohibited practices, high-risk requirements, and general-purpose AI obligations.
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Evaluative Mediation
Mediation framework in which the mediator offers opinions on the strengths and weaknesses of parties' positions and likely outcomes.
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Event Sourcing
Persist state as an immutable sequence of events rather than current snapshots.
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Event-Driven Architecture ⚑
System organized around production, detection, and reaction to events.
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Evidence-Based Medicine
Sackett's integration of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values.
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Evolutionarily Stable Strategies
Maynard Smith's game-theoretic concept for evolutionary equilibria.
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Examen
Ignatian end-of-day prayerful review of consolations, faults, and gratitude.
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Existentialism
Existence precedes essence; meaning is created through choice, freedom, and responsibility.
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Expectancy Theory
Victor Vroom's framework characterizing motivation as the product of expectancy (effort-performance), instrumentality (performance-outcome), and valence (outcome value).
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Experiential Learning
Learning cycle: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, active experimentation.
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Extended Evolutionary Synthesis
Research programme extending the Modern Synthesis to incorporate developmental plasticity, niche construction, inclusive inheritance, and evolvability.
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Extreme Programming
Beck's rigorous agile practices including TDD, pair programming, and continuous integration.
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Facilitative Mediation
Mediation framework in which the mediator facilitates communication and negotiation without offering opinions on the merits.
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Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Bottom-up identification of potential failure modes and their consequences.
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FAIR
Quantitative risk framework decomposing risk into loss event frequency and loss magnitude with probabilistic factors.
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Falsificationism
Popper's criterion that scientific claims must be capable of being proven wrong.
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Family Constellations
Bert Hellinger's therapeutic methodology using group representation of family members to surface and resolve transgenerational dynamics.
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FASAB
Body of accounting standards governing US federal government financial reporting.
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FASB Conceptual Framework
FASB's foundational framework articulating qualitative characteristics, elements, recognition, and measurement principles underlying US GAAP standard-setting.
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Fault Tree Analysis
Top-down deductive analysis of paths to a specified failure event.
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Feature-Driven Development
Iterative development methodology organized around designing and building client-valued features in short iterations.
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Federalism
Sovereignty divided constitutionally between national and subnational governments.
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FedRAMP
US government program standardizing security assessment and authorization for cloud services.
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Feynman Technique ⚑
Test understanding by explaining a concept simply enough for a child.
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FFIEC AIO Booklet
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council's IT Examination Handbook booklet covering architecture, infrastructure, and operational practices.
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FFIEC IT Examination Handbook ⚑
Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council guidance for examining IT operations at supervised institutions.
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Figured Bass
Baroque-era shorthand notation system using numerals beneath a bass line to indicate harmonic realization, foundational to Baroque ensemble practice.
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FIPPs
Foundational set of principles (notice, choice, access, security, accountability) underlying most privacy regimes.
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First Principles Thinking
Decomposing a problem to its foundational truths and reasoning upward.
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Fishbone Diagram
Visual root-cause analysis grouping causes under categories like people, process, materials.
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Five Disciplines
Senge's personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, systems thinking.
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Five Dysfunctions of a Team
Lencioni's pyramid: absence of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountability, inattention to results.
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Five Pillars of Islam
Shahada, salat, zakat, sawm, hajj — core practices of Sunni Islam.
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Five Whys
Iteratively ask 'why' to drill from symptom to root cause, originating in Toyota's TPS.
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Five-Act Structure
Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, denouement.
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Flipped Classroom
Direct instruction at home; class time used for application and practice.
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Flow Theory
Csikszentmihalyi's optimal experience at the balance of challenge and skill.
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Fogg Behavior Model
Behavior occurs when motivation, ability, and prompt converge simultaneously.
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Force Field Analysis
Lewin's mapping of driving and restraining forces around a proposed change.
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Foresight Cone
Voros's framework distinguishing possible, plausible, probable, and preferable futures across an expanding cone of uncertainty.
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Form Follows Function
Sullivan's modernist principle that a building's form should follow its purpose.
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Foucault's Power-Knowledge
Power and knowledge as inseparable, jointly producing subjects through discourse and discipline.
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Foundationalism
Knowledge structure resting on basic non-inferentially justified beliefs.
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Four Aims of Life
Hindu life goals: dharma, artha, kama, moksha.
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Four Noble Truths
Buddhist diagnostic: suffering exists, has cause, can cease, and the path to cessation.
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Four Pillars of Medical Ethics
Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice as core principles.
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Four Stages of Life
Hindu life-stage framework: student, householder, retiree, renunciate.
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Four Worlds
Kabbalistic levels of reality: Atziluth, Beriah, Yetzirah, Assiah.
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Fourth Way
Gurdjieff and Ouspensky's framework integrating self-remembering, the three centers, and the enneagram of process (distinct from the personality enneagram) toward conscious development.
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Fractal Dimension
Generalization of integer dimension capturing the scaling behavior of self-similar objects, formalized through Mandelbrot's work and earlier Hausdorff measure theory.
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Frame Semantics
Fillmore's framework: word meaning understood relative to a structured background frame.
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Frequentist Statistics
Inference based on long-run frequencies, including hypothesis testing and confidence intervals.
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Fugue
Imitative contrapuntal procedure organized around a subject answered in related voices, formalized through Bach's practice and subsequent theoretical codification.
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Functional Grammar
Halliday's framework treating grammar as resource for making meaning.
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Functional Harmony
Hugo Riemann's framework analyzing chord progressions through tonic, subdominant, and dominant functions and their substitutions.
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Fund Accounting
Accounting framework for nonprofit and governmental entities organizing financial activity around restricted-purpose funds rather than profit-loss tracking.
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GAAS
AICPA's body of auditing standards governing US private company audits, organized into general, fieldwork, and reporting standards.
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Game Theory
Mathematical study of strategic interaction among rational agents.
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Gantt Chart Methodology
Time-decomposition framework visualizing tasks as horizontal bars on a timeline, originating with Henry Gantt's industrial scheduling work.
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Garbage Can Model
Cohen, March, and Olsen's framework characterizing decision-making in organized anarchies as the chance confluence of problems, solutions, participants, and choice opportunities.
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GASB
Body of accounting standards governing US state and local governmental entities, established in 1984.
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GDPR
EU regulation on data protection and privacy applicable to processing of EU residents' personal data.
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GE-McKinsey Nine-Box Matrix ⚑
Portfolio prioritization on industry attractiveness vs business unit strength.
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General Adaptation Syndrome
Selye's three-stage stress response: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
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Generative Grammar
Chomsky's framework of formal rules generating all grammatical sentences of a language.
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Generative Theory of Tonal Music
Lerdahl and Jackendoff's framework for tonal music cognition explicitly modeled on Chomskyan generative grammar, organized around grouping, metrical, time-span, and prolongational reductions.
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Germ Theory
Microorganisms as the cause of many diseases, established by Pasteur and Koch.
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Gestalt Principles
Perceptual organization principles: proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, figure-ground.
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GitFlow
Driessen's branching model with develop, feature, release, and hotfix branches.
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Gnosticism
Late-antique religious tradition organized around the demiurge-pleroma-sophia cosmology and salvation through gnosis (direct knowledge of divine reality).
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Goal-Setting Theory
Locke and Latham's framework establishing that specific, challenging goals improve performance more than vague or easy goals, mediated by attention, effort, persistence, and strategy.
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Goffman's Dramaturgy
Social life analyzed as theatrical performance with frontstage and backstage regions.
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Gottman Sound Relationship House
Empirically derived model of healthy couple relationships across nine levels.
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Gratitude Journaling
Regular practice of recording things one is grateful for, linked to wellbeing outcomes.
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Great Man Theory
Carlyle's view of history as fundamentally the biography of exceptional individuals; widely critiqued and largely abandoned in academic history.
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Greiner's Growth Model
Predictable phases of organizational growth punctuated by crises.
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GRI
Most widely used sustainability reporting framework with universal, sector, and topic standards.
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Hand Formula
Negligence test: liable if burden of precaution is less than probability times loss.
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Hanlon's Razor ⚑
Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.
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Hayden White's Tropics
Hayden White's framework analyzing historical writing through four master tropes (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony) governing emplotment.
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Health Belief Model
Health behavior driven by perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.
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Hedgehog Concept
Collins' intersection of passion, economic engine, and what-you-can-be-best-at.
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Hegelian Dialectic
Hegel's framework of historical and conceptual development through thesis-antithesis-synthesis, foundational to subsequent dialectical traditions.
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Hegemonic Stability Theory
International economic openness depends on a dominant state willing to provide public goods.
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Hermeneutics
Theory and practice of interpretation, especially of texts and historical understanding.
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Hermetic Qabalah
Western occult adaptation of Jewish Kabbalistic Tree of Life integrated with Hermetic, Tarot, and astrological correspondences; distinct from traditional Jewish Kabbalah.
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Hermeticism
Western esoteric tradition descending from late-antique Greek-Egyptian texts attributed to Hermes Trismegistus, organized around principles like 'as above, so below' and the seven Hermetic principles.
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Hero's Journey
Campbell's universal narrative pattern of departure, initiation, and return.
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Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Distinguishes hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction from motivators that drive satisfaction.
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Heuristics and Biases Program
Kahneman and Tversky's research program cataloguing systematic deviations from rational judgment.
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HEXACO
Six-factor personality model adding Honesty-Humility to the Big Five.
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Hexagonal Architecture
Cockburn's design isolating business logic from delivery and infrastructure concerns.
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HIPAA
US law establishing privacy and security standards for protected health information.
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History from Below
Historical approach reconstructing the experiences and agency of ordinary people, workers, and marginalized groups rather than elites.
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HITRUST CSF
Certifiable framework integrating HIPAA, NIST, ISO, PCI, and other authoritative sources.
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Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
Six dimensions for comparing national cultures, originally derived from IBM survey data.
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Hogan Personality Inventory
Workplace personality assessment grounded in the Five-Factor Model.
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Holacracy
Self-management system replacing traditional hierarchy with distributed authority and circles.
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Hooked Model
Eyal's trigger-action-reward-investment loop for habit-forming products.
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Hoshin Kanri
Cascading strategy deployment with catchball alignment between levels.
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Human-Centered Design
Design grounded in deep understanding of user needs, behaviors, and contexts.
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Hyperbolic Discounting
Preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later rewards, with declining discount rate over time.
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Hyrum's Law
With enough users, every observable behavior of an interface becomes someone's dependency.
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IASB Conceptual Framework
IASB's foundational framework articulating the objectives, qualitative characteristics, and recognition principles underlying IFRS standard-setting.
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ICE Scoring ⚑
Prioritizes ideas on Impact, Confidence, and Ease — simpler RICE precursor.
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ICH-GCP
International Council for Harmonisation guidelines for the design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials involving human subjects.
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IFRS
IASB's body of accounting standards used across most of the developed world outside the United States.
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IFRS 15
IASB standard for revenue recognition; converged with ASC 606 through the FASB-IASB joint revenue project.
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IFRS 16
IASB standard requiring lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet, parallel in intent to ASC 842 with implementation differences.
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IFRS 17
IASB standard establishing recognition, measurement, and disclosure principles for insurance contracts, effective 2023.
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IFRS 9
International accounting standard for financial instruments, including expected credit loss model.
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Ignatian Discernment
Loyola's framework for discernment of spirits and consolation/desolation.
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Implementation Intentions
Peter Gollwitzer's framework using specific if-then plans linking situational cues to intended responses to bridge the intention-behavior gap.
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In Medias Res
Beginning a narrative in the middle of action rather than at the chronological start.
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Inclusive Design
Designing for the full range of human diversity rather than the average user.
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Inclusive Fitness
Hamilton's framework explaining altruism through reproductive success of relatives.
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Information Asymmetry
Akerlof's account of market failures from unequal information distribution.
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Information Theory
Shannon's framework quantifying information, entropy, and communication channels.
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Inner Game
Timothy Gallwey's framework distinguishing the conscious 'Self 1' from the embodied 'Self 2' in performance contexts; widely influential beyond sports.
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Inquiry-Based Learning
Student-driven exploration with teacher as facilitator rather than transmitter.
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Institutional Theory
DiMaggio and Powell's framework explaining organizational similarity through coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphic pressures and the pursuit of legitimacy.
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Integral Serialism
Mid-20th-century extension of twelve-tone technique applying serial organization to rhythm, dynamics, and articulation, associated with Boulez and Stockhausen.
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Integral Theory
Wilber's metasystematic synthesis integrating quadrants, levels, lines, states, and types of human development.
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Integrated Project Delivery
Collaborative construction project delivery method aligning contracts, risk-sharing, and team integration around shared outcomes.
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Integrative vs Distributive Bargaining
Walton and McKersie's foundational distinction between negotiations expanding joint value and negotiations dividing fixed value.
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Interest-Based Relational Approach ⚑
Conflict-resolution approach prioritizing relationship preservation alongside interest satisfaction.
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Intermediate Scrutiny
Constitutional review requiring substantial relation to important governmental interest.
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Internal Family Systems
Schwartz's parts-based therapy model with managers, exiles, firefighters, and the Self.
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Interpretive Anthropology
Geertz's framework treating culture as text to be interpreted through layered description.
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IPMA Competence Baseline
International Project Management Association's competence-based framework for individual project, programme, and portfolio managers.
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IPSAS
International accounting standards for public sector entities, the public sector counterpart to IFRS.
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IRAC ⚑
Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion — structured legal analysis method.
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Iron Triangle ⚑
Stable policy alliances among legislators, agencies, and interest groups.
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ISA
IAASB's international auditing standards used in over 130 jurisdictions globally.
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Island Biogeography
MacArthur and Wilson's model of species richness as function of area and isolation.
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ISO 21500
International standard providing guidance on project management concepts and processes, foundational to the ISO 21500 series.
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ISO 21502
International standard providing guidance on project management practices, replacing ISO 21500:2012 as the practice-focused standard.
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ISO 31000
International standard providing principles and generic guidelines on risk management.
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ISO 9001
International standard for quality management systems with seven principles including process approach and continuous improvement.
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ISO/IEC 27001
International standard specifying requirements for an information security management system (ISMS).
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ISO/IEC 27002
International standard providing guidance on information security controls.
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ISO/IEC 42001
International standard specifying requirements for an AI management system (AIMS), published 2023.
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ITIL
Framework for IT service management including service strategy, design, transition, operation, and continual improvement.
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Job Characteristics Model
Hackman and Oldham's framework relating five job characteristics (skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback) to motivation and performance through critical psychological states.
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Job Demands-Resources Model
Demerouti and Bakker's framework explaining burnout and engagement at work.
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Jobs to Be Done
Customers 'hire' products to make progress on a job in a context.
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Journaling
Regular expressive writing for self-reflection and emotional processing.
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Jungian Analytical Psychology
Jung's framework of personal and collective unconscious, archetypes, and individuation.
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Jungian Archetypes
Universal symbolic patterns including Self, Shadow, Anima/Animus, Hero, Mother.
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Just Intonation
Tuning framework based on simple integer frequency ratios derived from the harmonic series, producing pure intervals at the cost of key flexibility.
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Just War Theory
Conditions under which war is morally justified, divided into jus ad bellum and jus in bello.
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Kaizen
Continuous incremental improvement involving everyone in an organization.
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Kanban
Pull-based workflow visualization with WIP limits, originating from Toyota.
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Kano Model
Classifies features as basic, performance, or delighters by their effect on customer satisfaction.
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Karma Framework
Action and consequence across Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions.
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Karpman Drama Triangle
Three relational roles in conflict: Persecutor, Victim, Rescuer.
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Keynesian Economics
Macroeconomic framework emphasizing aggregate demand and active fiscal management.
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King Warrior Magician Lover
Moore and Gillette's masculine archetypes drawn from depth psychology.
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KISS
Design principle favoring simplicity over unnecessary complexity.
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Knowledge Café
Facilitated small-group conversations rotating to surface collective insights.
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Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
Six stages across pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional moral reasoning.
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Kondratiev Waves
Approximately fifty-year economic cycles theorized by Nikolai Kondratiev, later integrated with Schumpeterian innovation theory.
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Kotter's 8-Step Change Model
Sequential change leadership steps from urgency through anchoring in culture.
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KYC
Customer due diligence requirements identifying who is doing business with a financial institution.
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Labeling Theory
Deviance as a social product of labeling rather than an inherent property of acts.
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Lakatosian Research Programmes
Lakatos' refinement of Popper: programmes have hard cores and protective belts of auxiliary hypotheses.
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Last Planner System
Lean construction scheduling framework emphasizing pull planning, weekly work plans, and learning from variance.
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Lateral Thinking
De Bono's approach to generating ideas by deliberately disrupting linear logic.
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Law and Economics
Posner's framework applying economic analysis to legal rules and institutions.
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Lean Accounting
Accounting methodology aligned with lean operations, replacing standard cost variance analysis with value-stream costing and visual management.
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Lean Canvas
Maurya's adaptation of the BMC for early-stage startups under high uncertainty.
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Lean Startup
Build-measure-learn loops with validated learning under extreme uncertainty.
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Learned Helplessness
Seligman's account of passivity arising from repeated uncontrollable aversive events.
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Lectio Divina
Christian contemplative reading: lectio, meditatio, oratio, contemplatio.
orig high year high src high
LEED
USGBC certification system for green buildings across categories like energy, water, materials, and indoor environment.
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LeSS
Larman and Vodde's approach to scaling Scrum with minimal added structure.
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Lessons Learned ⚑
Structured capture of insights from completed work for future application.
orig low year low src low
Level 5 Leadership
Collins' hierarchy of executive capability culminating in humility plus fierce resolve.
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Levels of Organization ⚑
Nested scales from molecules to biosphere, each with distinct emergent properties.
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Lewin's Change Model
Three-stage model of behavioral change at individual or organizational level.
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Liberalism (IR)
International relations shaped by institutions, interdependence, and democratic norms.
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Liminality
Van Gennep and Turner on threshold states between social positions or identities.
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Lindy Effect
Nassim Taleb's formulation of an empirical regularity (originally attributed to Mandelbrot and earlier observers) that the future life expectancy of non-perishable things scales with their current age.
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Linear Programming
Optimization of a linear objective subject to linear constraints.
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Linguistic Turn
Hayden White's and others' framework treating historical writing as fundamentally narrative construction shaped by rhetorical and linguistic choices.
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Liquid Modernity
Bauman's framework characterizing the present as fluid, individualized, and unsettled.
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Living Constitutionalism
Constitutional interpretation accounting for evolving social conditions and values.
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Locus of Control
Rotter's dimension contrasting internal vs external attribution of control over events.
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Logical Depth
Charles Bennett's measure of the computational resources required to produce an object from its shortest description, capturing how much 'work' a structured object encodes.
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Long-Term Athlete Development
Istvan Balyi's framework describing athletic development phases across the lifespan, used in national sport development systems.
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Looking-Glass Self
Cooley's account of self formed through perception of how others see us.
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Loss Aversion
People weight losses roughly twice as heavily as equivalent gains.
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Loving-Kindness Meditation
Buddhist practice cultivating benevolence toward self, loved ones, neutral parties, and difficult people.
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Malthusian Trap
Thomas Malthus's theory that population growth eventually outpaces food production, producing recurring crises of subsistence.
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Management by Objectives
Drucker's approach: align managers and employees through agreed measurable objectives.
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Management of Risk
AXELOS risk management methodology providing principles, approach, processes, and techniques across organizational levels.
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Managing Successful Programmes
AXELOS programme management methodology for delivering transformational change through coordinated projects.
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Maneuver Warfare
Defeating opponent through tempo, deception, and disruption rather than attrition.
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Maqam System
Arabic, Turkish, and Persian framework organizing melodic material through modes (maqamat) with microtonal intervals and characteristic melodic phrases.
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Marginal Gains
Dave Brailsford's framework systematically pursuing one-percent improvements across many small factors, associated with British Cycling's competitive success.
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Marketing Funnel ⚑
Awareness through purchase as a narrowing pipeline of prospects.
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Markov Decision Processes
Sequential decision framework with states, actions, transition probabilities, and rewards.
orig high year high src high
Marxist Historiography
Historical analysis treating class struggle, modes of production, and material conditions as the primary engines of historical change.
orig high year high src high
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Pyramid from physiological needs through self-actualization, with self-transcendence later added.
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Mastery Learning
Bloom's approach: students must demonstrate mastery before progressing.
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McKinsey 7S Framework
Aligns strategy, structure, systems, shared values, skills, style, and staff.
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Means-End Theory
Links product attributes to consumer values through a chain of consequences.
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Mechanism Design
Reverse game theory: designing rules so self-interested play yields desired outcomes.
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Median Voter Theorem
Under single-peaked preferences and majority rule, the median voter's preference wins.
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Memento Mori
Stoic and Christian practice of contemplating one's mortality.
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Mental Accounting
Thaler's framework: people treat money differently based on its perceived source or category.
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Mental Skills Training
Sport psychology toolkit covering goal-setting, imagery, self-talk, arousal regulation, and concentration applied to athletic performance.
orig high year high src high
Microhistory
Italian historical school using detailed reconstruction of small-scale events and individuals to illuminate broader historical patterns.
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Microservices
Architectural style decomposing applications into small, independently deployable services.
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Mind Mapping
Buzan's radial visual technique for non-linear note-taking and brainstorming.
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Mindfulness Practice
Sustained non-judgmental attention to present experience.
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Mintzberg's Configurations
Five organizational structures from simple to adhocracy, defined by coordination mechanism.
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Mintzberg's Management Roles
Ten managerial roles grouped as interpersonal, informational, and decisional.
orig high year high src high
Mission Command
Decentralized execution under commander's intent, originating in 19th-century Prussia.
orig high year high src high
MITRE ATT&CK
Globally accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures based on real-world observations.
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Mob Programming
Whole team works on the same thing at the same time, in the same space.
orig high year high src high
Modal System
Pre-tonal framework organizing pitch material through eight (later twelve) modes characterized by distinctive interval patterns and finals.
orig high year high src high
Model Risk Management
Federal Reserve and OCC supervisory guidance establishing the foundational US framework for identifying, assessing, and controlling model risk in financial institutions.
orig high year high src high
Modern Portfolio Theory
Markowitz's framework for constructing portfolios optimizing risk-return through diversification.
orig high year high src high
Modern Synthesis
Mid-20th-century unification of Mendelian genetics with Darwinian selection.
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Monetarism
Friedman's framework: inflation is everywhere a monetary phenomenon.
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Monte Carlo Methods
Estimating quantities through repeated random sampling.
orig high year high src high
Morning Pages
Cameron's daily three pages of stream-of-consciousness longhand writing.
orig high year high src high
MoSCoW
Prioritizes requirements as Must, Should, Could, or Won't have.
orig high year high src high
Motivational Interviewing
Miller and Rollnick's collaborative method for evoking change talk and resolving ambivalence.
orig high year high src high
Multiple Intelligences
Gardner's framework of distinct intelligences: linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic.
orig high year high src high
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Sixteen personality types from Jungian dichotomies; widely used despite weak psychometric support.
orig high year high src high
NASA NPR 7120.5
NASA Procedural Requirements governing program and project management for spaceflight and research.
orig high year high src high
Nashville Number System ⚑
Practical chord-progression notation system using scale-degree numbers, developed in Nashville studio practice and widely used in country and pop production.
orig high year medium src medium
Naturalistic Decision Making
Klein, Zsambok, and others' research programme studying how people actually make decisions in real-world high-stakes settings rather than laboratory conditions.
orig high year high src high
Negative Visualization
Stoic practice of imagining loss to cultivate gratitude and resilience.
orig high year high src high
Neo-Platonic Emanation
Plotinus's cosmological framework of reality emanating from the One through the Nous (Intellect) and Soul down to matter; profoundly influential on Christian, Islamic, and Jewish mystical traditions.
orig high year high src high
Neo-Riemannian Theory
Late-20th-century transformational theory analyzing triadic relationships through parsimonious voice-leading operations (P, L, R), associated with Lewin, Hyer, and Cohn.
orig high year high src high
Net Promoter Score
Single-question loyalty measure based on likelihood to recommend.
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Network Effects
Value of a product or service increasing with the number of users.
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Network Theory
Study of networks as nodes and edges, applied across many domains.
orig high year high src high
Network-Centric Warfare
Military doctrine emphasizing information networking for shared awareness and self-synchronization.
orig high year high src high
Neuro-Linguistic Programming
Bandler and Grinder's framework linking neurology, language, and patterned behavior; widely used in coaching despite weak empirical support.
orig high year high src high
New Institutional Economics
North and others extending economic analysis to institutions, property rights, and history.
orig high year high src high
Nexus
Scrum.org's framework for scaling Scrum across multiple teams working on a single product.
orig high year high src high
Niche Construction
Organisms actively modify their environments, altering selection pressures on themselves and others.
orig high year medium src high
Nielsen's Ten Heuristics
Nielsen's usability heuristics including visibility of system status and error prevention.
orig high year high src high
NIST 800-171
NIST publication specifying security requirements for protecting controlled unclassified information in nonfederal systems; foundational to CMMC.
orig high year high src high
NIST 800-53
Catalog of security and privacy controls for federal information systems and organizations.
orig high year high src high
NIST AI Risk Management Framework
NIST's voluntary framework for managing AI risks across govern, map, measure, and manage functions, released January 2023 with a generative AI profile in 2024.
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NIST Cybersecurity Framework
Six core functions (Govern, Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover) plus implementation tiers and profiles.
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NIST Privacy Framework
NIST's voluntary privacy risk management framework parallel in structure to the Cybersecurity Framework, with identify-govern-control-communicate-protect functions.
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NIST Risk Management Framework
Seven-step process for integrating security, privacy, and risk management into the system development lifecycle.
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No Silver Bullet
Brooks' argument that no single innovation will yield order-of-magnitude productivity gains.
orig high year high src high
Nonviolent Communication
Marshall Rosenberg's framework structuring communication around observation, feeling, need, and request.
orig high year high src high
Object Relations Theory
Psychoanalytic school focusing on internalized representations of self and others.
orig high year high src high
OCC Heightened Standards
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's heightened risk governance standards applicable to large national banks above asset thresholds.
orig high year high src high
OCC Risk Governance Framework
Risk governance component of the OCC Heightened Standards specifying board, management, and three-lines requirements for large banks.
orig high year high src high
Occam's Razor
Among competing hypotheses, prefer the one with fewest assumptions.
orig high year high src high
OECD AI Principles
Intergovernmental principles for trustworthy AI adopted by OECD members and partner countries, foundational to subsequent AI governance frameworks.
orig high year high src high
OKRs
Ambitious objectives paired with measurable key results, popularized by Grove and Doerr.
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Onion Architecture
Concentric layers with dependencies pointing inward toward the domain core.
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OODA Loop ⚑
Boyd's decision cycle: Observe, Orient, Decide, Act — faster cycling beats opponent.
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OPM3
PMI's framework assessing an organization's project management maturity across knowledge, assessment, and improvement domains.
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Optimality Theory
Phonological framework where surface forms emerge from ranked violable constraints.
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Optimization Theory
Mathematical study of finding extrema of functions subject to constraints.
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Oral History Methodology
Systematic recording, transcription, and analysis of personal testimony as historical evidence, especially for underdocumented populations.
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Orgone Theory
Wilhelm Reich's theory of a universal life-force energy claimed to be physically measurable and accumulable through specially constructed devices.
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Originalism
Constitutional interpretation according to original public meaning at ratification.
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ORSA
Insurance-sector self-assessment of all material risks against capital and solvency.
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Overton Window
The range of policy ideas considered politically acceptable at a given time.
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P3.express
Open-license lightweight project management methodology designed for medium-sized organizations.
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P3M3
AXELOS maturity model assessing organizational capability across portfolio, programme, and project management.
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PACELC Theorem
Extension of CAP: even without partitions, systems trade latency against consistency.
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Pair Programming
Two programmers work at one workstation, alternating driver and navigator roles.
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Paradigm Shift
Kuhn's account of science as alternating periods of normal science and revolutionary change.
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Pareto Analysis
Identifies the vital few inputs accounting for the majority of outputs.
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Participant Observation
Researcher takes part in a community while systematically observing and recording.
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PASTA
Seven-stage risk-centric threat modeling methodology.
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Path Dependence
David and Arthur's concept that history matters: small early events shape long-run outcomes.
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Patient-Centered Care
Care organized around patient preferences, needs, and values.
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PCAOB Auditing Standards
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's auditing standards governing audits of US public companies, established by Sarbanes-Oxley.
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PCI DSS
Industry standard for organizations handling branded credit cards from major card networks.
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Pentatonic Theory ⚑
Framework analyzing five-note scales central to East Asian, Celtic, blues, and many other musical traditions, with both major and minor pentatonic forms.
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Periodization
Matveyev's framework structuring athletic training in cycles of varying intensity and volume to optimize peak performance.
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Personas
Composite fictional representatives of target user segments used to ground design and marketing.
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PERT
Probabilistic project scheduling technique using three-point estimates to model activity duration uncertainty.
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PESTLE Analysis ⚑
Scans Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors.
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Phenomenology
Husserl's method of describing structures of conscious experience as they appear.
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Phillips Curve
Empirical regularity (and theoretical debate) around inverse relation of unemployment and inflation.
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Piaget's Stages
Four stages of cognitive development from sensorimotor through formal operations.
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Pigouvian Taxation
Taxing activities to internalize the social cost of externalities.
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Pirate Metrics
McClure's Acquisition, Activation, Retention, Referral, Revenue lifecycle for startups.
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Pitch-Class Set Theory
Allen Forte's framework analyzing atonal music through pitch-class sets characterized by interval-class content and equivalence under transposition and inversion.
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Pixar Story Spine
Once upon a time / every day / one day / because of that / until finally / and ever since then.
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PMBOK Guide
PMI's Project Management Body of Knowledge defining processes, knowledge areas, and the basis for the PMP certification.
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PMESII-PT ⚑
Operational variables: Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical, Time.
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Poka-Yoke
Design constraints that make errors impossible or immediately obvious.
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Polti's 36 Dramatic Situations
Catalog of underlying dramatic conflicts found across all stories.
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Polyvagal Theory
Porges' theory of three vagal pathways governing safety, mobilization, and shutdown.
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Pomodoro Technique
Cirillo's time-management technique using 25-minute focus intervals separated by short breaks.
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Population Ecology of Organizations
Hannan and Freeman's framework treating organizational populations as subject to selection pressures analogous to biological evolution.
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Porter's Five Forces
Industry profitability shaped by buyers, suppliers, entrants, substitutes, and rivalry.
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Porter's Generic Strategies
Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus as the three viable competitive postures.
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Porter's Value Chain
Decomposes the firm into primary and support activities to locate sources of value.
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Positive Psychology
Seligman's flourishing framework: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment.
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Postcolonial History
Historical approach critiquing colonial frameworks and recovering perspectives marginalized by colonial-era historiography.
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Postel's Law
Be conservative in what you send, liberal in what you accept.
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Powell Doctrine
Colin Powell's set of decision criteria for committing US military force, including clear objectives, public support, and exit strategy.
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Power Laws
Distribution form characterized by scale invariance, common in complex systems.
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Practice Theory
Bourdieu, Ortner, and Sahlins on how practices reproduce and transform social structure.
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Pragmatism
Peirce, James, Dewey: meaning and truth grounded in practical consequences and inquiry.
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Predator-Prey Dynamics
Coupled oscillating populations modeled by paired differential equations.
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Prediction Markets
Aggregating dispersed information about future events through trading mechanisms that produce price-based probability estimates.
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Premortem
Imagine the project has failed and work backward to prevent the causes.
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Preponderance of Evidence
Civil standard: more likely than not.
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PRINCE2
AXELOS's process-based project management methodology widely used in UK government and international contexts.
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PRINCE2 Agile
AXELOS framework composing PRINCE2 governance with agile delivery techniques drawn primarily from DSDM and Scrum.
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Principal-Agent Problem
Conflicts of interest and information asymmetry between delegator and delegate.
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Principle of Charity
Interpret others' arguments in their strongest plausible form.
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Principled Negotiation
Fisher and Ury's framework separating people from problem, focusing on interests rather than positions, generating options, and using objective criteria.
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Privacy by Design
Cavoukian's seven foundational principles for embedding privacy into the design of systems and processes.
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Problem-Based Learning
Learning organized around investigation of complex real-world problems.
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Project-Based Learning
Extended student inquiry organized around authentic projects.
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Proportionality Test
Multi-stage review used in many jurisdictions to assess rights infringements.
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Prosopography
Historical method analyzing groups through systematic biographical data on their members to reveal social and political patterns.
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Prospect Theory
Kahneman and Tversky's account of decision under risk featuring loss aversion and reference dependence.
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Public Choice Theory
Buchanan and Tullock applying economic methods to political behavior.
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Pugh Matrix
Concept selection by scoring alternatives against weighted criteria relative to a baseline.
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Punctuated Equilibrium
Eldredge and Gould's view of evolution as long stasis interrupted by rapid speciation.
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Pyramid Principle
Top-down communication structure starting with the answer, supported by grouped arguments.
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Quality Function Deployment
Translates customer requirements into engineering specifications via matrix analysis.
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RACI Matrix ⚑
Clarifies who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed for each task.
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Raga System
Indian classical framework organizing melodic material through ragas characterized by ascending and descending scales, characteristic phrases, and affective and time-of-day associations.
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Rational Basis Review
Lowest US constitutional standard: law must be rationally related to a legitimate interest.
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Ellis' precursor to CBT focused on disputing irrational beliefs.
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Rational Unified Process
IBM's iterative software development process organized around inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases.
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Realism (IR)
International relations driven by states pursuing power in an anarchic system.
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Reasonable Doubt Standard
Highest evidentiary standard, required for criminal conviction in common law systems.
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Reasonable Person Standard
Hypothetical ordinarily prudent person used as a benchmark for negligence.
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Recognition-Primed Decision Making
Gary Klein's framework characterizing how experts make rapid decisions by recognizing situations as similar to past cases and mentally simulating the recognized response.
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Refactoring
Disciplined restructuring of code without changing observable behavior, per Fowler.
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Reference Class Forecasting
Kahneman and Tversky's method, developed for projects by Bent Flyvbjerg, using base rates from comparable past cases to correct for the planning fallacy.
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Reflective Equilibrium
Iterative adjustment between principles and considered judgments until coherence is reached.
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Regression Analysis
Statistical modeling of relationships between dependent and independent variables.
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Relevance Theory
Sperber and Wilson's pragmatic framework: communication guided by relevance maximization.
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Reliabilism
Knowledge as belief produced by reliable cognitive processes.
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Reliability Engineering
Discipline ensuring system performs intended function over time and conditions.
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Resource Dependence Theory
Pfeffer and Salancik's framework treating organizations as fundamentally shaped by their dependence on external resources and the strategies they use to manage that dependence.
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Resource-Based View
Competitive advantage stems from valuable, rare, inimitable, organized internal resources.
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REST
Fielding's architectural style for distributed hypermedia systems.
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Restorative Circles
Restorative practice framework using structured group dialogue to address harm, develop understanding, and rebuild relationships.
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Restorative Justice
Approach centered on repair of harm through dialogue among offender, victim, community.
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Revised Bloom's Taxonomy
Updated Bloom adding the knowledge dimension and reordering create as the top.
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RFM Analysis
Customer segmentation by how recently, how often, and how much they purchased.
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RICE Scoring
Prioritizes features by Reach, Impact, Confidence, and Effort.
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Risk Society
Beck's account of late modernity as organized around manufactured risks rather than scarcity.
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Rites of Passage
Van Gennep's three-phase structure: separation, liminal phase, reincorporation.
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Robust Design
Designing products and processes to be insensitive to variation in inputs.
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Roman Numeral Analysis
Analytical framework labeling chords by their scale-degree position relative to a key, foundational to common-practice harmonic analysis.
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Rosicrucianism
Western esoteric tradition originating in early-17th-century manifestos and continued through modern organizations like AMORC and the Rosicrucian Fellowship.
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Rubber Duck Debugging
Explaining a problem aloud to an inanimate object to surface its solution.
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SAFe
Leffingwell's enterprise-scale agile coordination framework.
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SAMR Model ⚑
Puentedura's four levels of technology integration: substitution, augmentation, modification, redefinition.
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language shapes or constrains thought; strong and weak versions debated.
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Sarbanes-Oxley
US 2002 law mandating financial reporting controls and executive certifications for public companies.
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SASB
Industry-specific sustainability disclosure standards, now under the IFRS Foundation's ISSB.
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Saussurean Structuralism
Saussure's framework of language as system of differences with signified and signifier.
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Save the Cat Beat Sheet
Snyder's fifteen-beat screenplay structure widely used in Hollywood.
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Scale-Free Networks
Barabási and Albert's network class with power-law degree distributions.
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SCAMPER
Idea-generation prompts: Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to other use, Eliminate, Reverse.
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Scenario Planning (Wack)
Pierre Wack's narrative scenario methodology developed at Royal Dutch Shell, focused on shifting executives' mental models rather than predicting futures.
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Schema Therapy
Young's integrative therapy targeting early maladaptive schemas formed in childhood.
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Schenkerian Analysis
Heinrich Schenker's hierarchical reduction analysis revealing background structures (Ursatz) underlying tonal masterworks.
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Scrum
Iterative agile framework with sprints, roles, and ceremonies.
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Scrum at Scale
Sutherland's framework for scaling Scrum across an organization through Scrum of Scrums and Executive Action Teams.
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Scrumban
Hybrid combining Scrum's structure with Kanban's flow.
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SECI Model
Nonaka and Takeuchi: socialization, externalization, combination, internalization.
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Sefirot
Kabbalistic ten emanations through which the infinite manifests.
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Self Psychology
Kohut's psychoanalytic framework centered on selfobject experiences and narcissistic development.
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Self-Determination Theory
Deci and Ryan's framework of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as basic psychological needs.
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Self-Efficacy Theory
Bandura's construct: belief in one's ability to execute behaviors needed for outcomes.
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Self-Organized Criticality
Per Bak's framework characterizing systems that naturally tune themselves to critical states producing power-law-distributed avalanches, originating with the sandpile model.
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Selfish Gene Theory
Dawkins' gene-centered view of evolution; organisms as vehicles for replicators.
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Semiotics
General theory of signs, with Peircean and Saussurean traditions.
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Separation of Powers
Montesquieu's division of state authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
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Servant Leadership
Greenleaf's leadership philosophy where the leader's primary role is to serve.
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Service Design
Holistic design of services across touchpoints, channels, and stakeholders.
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Service-Oriented Architecture ⚑
Earlier service composition style with heavier orchestration than microservices.
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Seven Deadly Sins
Pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, sloth — Christian schema of root sins.
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Ship of Theseus
Thought experiment about identity through gradual replacement of parts.
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Show Don't Tell ⚑
Craft principle preferring scene and sensory detail over exposition.
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Signaling Theory
Spence's framework: how informed parties credibly communicate quality to uninformed ones.
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Singapore Model AI Governance Framework
Singapore IMDA's voluntary framework for organizational AI governance, including a generative AI extension.
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Single-Loop and Double-Loop Learning
Argyris and Schön: correcting actions vs questioning underlying assumptions.
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Site Reliability Engineering
Google's approach treating operations as a software problem with SLOs and error budgets.
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Situational Leadership
Hersey-Blanchard model matching leadership style to follower readiness.
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Six Sigma
Reduce defects to 3.4 per million through statistical process control and DMAIC.
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Six Thinking Hats
De Bono's parallel-thinking method using six distinct perspective 'hats.'
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Small-World Networks
Watts and Strogatz's networks combining high clustering with short path lengths.
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Smart Power
Combining hard and soft power instruments contextually.
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SOAP Note
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan — structured clinical documentation.
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SOC 2
AICPA framework for reporting on controls relevant to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy.
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Social Capital Theory
Putnam's framework of bonding, bridging, and linking ties as productive resources.
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Social Construction of Reality
Berger and Luckmann's account of how shared meanings come to feel objectively given.
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Social Learning Theory
Bandura's account of learning through observation, modeling, and imitation.
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Sociocracy
Consent-based governance through linked circles of decision-making.
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Soft Power
Nye's concept of influence through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion.
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SOLID Principles
Single responsibility, Open-closed, Liskov substitution, Interface segregation, Dependency inversion.
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SOLO Taxonomy
Biggs' Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome from prestructural to extended abstract.
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Solow Growth Model
Neoclassical model of long-run growth from capital, labor, and exogenous technical change.
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Sonata Form
Compositional framework organizing movements into exposition, development, and recapitulation sections with characteristic key relationships, defining the Classical era.
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Source Criticism
Niebuhr and Ranke's methodology for classifying and evaluating historical sources for authenticity, authority, and bias.
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Spaced Repetition
Reviewing material at expanding intervals to optimize long-term retention.
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Species Counterpoint
Johann Joseph Fux's pedagogical framework for teaching voice-leading through five graduated species, codified in Gradus ad Parnassum (1725).
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Speculative Design
Design used to provoke debate about possible futures rather than to solve problems.
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Speech Act Theory
Austin and Searle's framework: utterances perform actions (locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary).
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Spenglerian Cycles
Oswald Spengler's morphological theory treating civilizations as organic entities with predictable life cycles of growth and decline.
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Spiral Dynamics
Beck and Cowan's value-systems hierarchy adapted from Graves' research, used in organizational and developmental contexts.
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Spiral Model
Boehm's iterative risk-driven software development model.
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Spiral of Silence
Noelle-Neumann's account of opinion suppression when people perceive themselves in a minority.
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Spotify Model
Organizational pattern from Spotify circa 2012, widely emulated and often misapplied.
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SSAE 18
Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements 18 — current AICPA standard governing service organization audits.
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Stage-Gate Process
Cooper's product-development model with go/kill decisions between defined stages.
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Stakeholder Theory
Freeman's argument that firms must serve all affected parties, not just shareholders.
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Stare Decisis
Doctrine binding courts to follow precedents from prior decisions.
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Statistical Complexity
Crutchfield's measure of the size of the minimal predictive model of a stochastic process, explicitly designed to distinguish complex from random processes.
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Statutory Accounting Principles
Accounting framework for US insurance companies established by NAIC, emphasizing solvency over earnings measurement.
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Steelmanning ⚑
Construct the strongest possible version of an opposing argument before engaging it.
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Stoic Dichotomy of Control
Epictetus' division of the world into what is and isn't up to us.
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Stoicism
Hellenistic philosophy emphasizing virtue, reason, and acceptance of what one cannot control.
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Story Circle
Harmon's eight-step distillation of Campbell's monomyth for episodic storytelling.
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Storyboarding ⚑
Sequential visual depiction of a user's experience or narrative.
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StoryBrand
Donald Miller's seven-part brand-narrative framework casting customer as hero, brand as guide.
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STP
Sequential approach: segment market, target chosen segments, position offering distinctively.
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Strain Theory
Merton's framework of deviance arising from gap between cultural goals and legitimate means.
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Strategy Canvas
Blue Ocean visual contrasting an industry's value-curve to identify reinvention opportunities.
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Strategy of the Indirect Approach
Liddell Hart: dislocate opponent psychologically before engaging directly.
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Strength of Weak Ties
Granovetter's finding that loose acquaintances bridge networks more effectively than close ties.
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Strict Scrutiny
US constitutional standard requiring narrow tailoring to a compelling government interest.
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STRIDE
Microsoft threat modeling categorization: Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service, Elevation of privilege.
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Structural Anthropology
Lévi-Strauss' framework analyzing culture through binary oppositions and underlying structures.
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Structural Functionalism
Society as an integrated system of parts each serving stability-maintaining functions.
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Structuration Theory
Giddens' account of structure and agency as recursively constituted.
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Sturgeon's Law
Ninety percent of everything is crud — used to push past surface dismissal.
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Subaltern Studies
South Asian historical school recovering the agency and consciousness of subaltern groups, originating with Ranajit Guha's collective.
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Superforecasting
Philip Tetlock's framework characterizing the practices and dispositions associated with consistently accurate forecasting under uncertainty.
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Swedenborgianism
Emanuel Swedenborg's framework of correspondences between spiritual and natural worlds; influential on Blake, Emerson, James, and Borges.
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SWOT Analysis ⚑
Surfaces strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for a venture or decision.
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Symbolic Interactionism
Mead and Blumer's view of society as constituted through meaning-laden interaction.
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Systems Biology
Holistic study of biological systems through computational and mathematical modeling.
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Systems Engineering
Interdisciplinary approach to designing and managing complex systems over their lifecycle.
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Tacit and Explicit Knowledge
Polanyi's distinction between articulable knowledge and the embodied 'we know more than we can tell.'
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Tala System
Indian classical rhythmic framework organizing time through cyclic patterns (talas) with distinctive accent structures and characteristic divisions.
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Tao Te Ching Framework
Lao Tzu's framework of Tao, te, naturalness, and non-contention.
orig medium year medium src high
Tax Basis Accounting ⚑
Accounting framework for measuring transactions according to applicable tax law rather than GAAP or IFRS, used for tax filing purposes.
orig high year low src high
TCFD
Voluntary framework for climate-related financial risk disclosures across governance, strategy, risk, and metrics.
orig high year high src high
Test-Driven Development
Red-green-refactor cycle: write failing test, make it pass, then improve design.
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The Agile Manifesto
2001 declaration of values and principles for adaptive software development.
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The Boy Scout Rule
Always leave the code cleaner than you found it.
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The Reactive Manifesto
Principles for systems that are responsive, resilient, elastic, and message-driven.
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The White Goddess
Robert Graves's mythopoetic framework arguing for a single triple-goddess archetype underlying European mythology and poetic inspiration.
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Thelema
Aleister Crowley's spiritual system organized around the Law of Thelema ('Do what thou wilt') and the doctrine of True Will.
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Theological Virtues
Faith, hope, and love as graces directing the soul to God in Christian tradition.
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Theory of Communicative Action
Habermas' framework distinguishing instrumental from communicative rationality.
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Theory of Constraints
System throughput is governed by its single binding constraint at any time.
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Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Darwin and Wallace: heritable variation plus differential reproduction yields adaptation over time.
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Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen's model: intention shaped by attitudes, norms, and perceived control.
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Theory X and Theory Y
McGregor's contrasting assumptions about whether workers inherently dislike or seek work.
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Theosophy
Blavatsky's synthetic spiritual system describing hidden masters, root races, and planes of existence; foundational to modern Western esotericism.
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Therapeutic Jurisprudence
Wexler and Winick's framework studying law's effects on psychological wellbeing.
orig high year high src high
Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument
Five-mode framework for conflict-handling styles: competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, accommodating.
orig high year high src high
Thought Records
CBT worksheet for identifying and challenging automatic thoughts.
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Three Horizons Model
McKinsey portfolio model balancing core, emerging, and exploratory growth initiatives.
orig high year high src high
Three Levels of War
Strategic, operational, and tactical levels with distinct logics and time horizons.
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Three Lines Model
IIA framework distinguishing operational management, risk and compliance functions, and internal audit assurance.
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Three Marks of Existence
Buddhist characterization of phenomena: impermanence, suffering, non-self.
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Three-Act Structure
Setup, confrontation, resolution — dominant Western dramatic structure.
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Throughput Accounting
Goldratt's TOC-derived alternative to standard cost accounting prioritizing throughput, inventory, and operating expense over conventional cost allocation.
orig high year high src high
Tikkun Olam
Jewish concept of repairing the world through human action.
orig high year high src high
Tiny Habits
BJ Fogg's behavior-change framework anchoring new minimum-viable behaviors to existing routines and celebrating immediate success.
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TOGAF
Enterprise architecture framework with Architecture Development Method (ADM) and content metamodel.
orig high year high src high
Tonal Harmony
Major-minor harmonic system governing Western art music roughly 1600-1900, organized around tonic-dominant relationships and functional progressions.
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Tonal Pitch Space
Fred Lerdahl's spatial model of pitch relationships providing quantitative measures of harmonic distance grounded in cognitive empirical work.
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Total Quality Management
Organization-wide focus on continuous quality improvement with customer at the center.
orig high year high src high
Toynbee's Civilizations
Arnold Toynbee's framework analyzing twenty-one civilizations through their responses to environmental and historical challenges.
orig high year high src high
Toyota Production System
Eliminate waste through just-in-time, jidoka, and continuous improvement.
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TPACK
Mishra and Koehler's intersecting domains of teacher expertise.
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Tragedy of the Commons
Hardin's account of overexploitation when individuals share access to a common resource.
orig high year high src high
Transaction Cost Economics
Coase and Williamson on why firms exist: transaction costs explain organizational boundaries.
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Transactional Analysis
Berne's framework of Parent, Adult, and Child ego states transacting in relationships.
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Transformational Leadership
Bass and Burns model emphasizing inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.
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Transformative Mediation
Bush and Folger's mediation framework focused on empowering parties and fostering recognition rather than reaching settlement.
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Transtheoretical Model
Prochaska and DiClemente's stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance.
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Trauma-Informed Care
Approach assuming widespread trauma and prioritizing safety, choice, collaboration, empowerment.
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Triage
Sorting patients by urgency to allocate scarce care resources, originating in military medicine.
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Trinity of War
Clausewitz's interaction of passion, chance, and reason in war.
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Triple Bottom Line
Performance measured across people, planet, and profit dimensions.
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Triple-Entry Accounting
Ian Grigg's cryptographic extension of double-entry bookkeeping using digitally signed receipts as a third record verifiable across parties; foundational to blockchain accounting concepts.
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Triple-Loop Learning ⚑
Extension questioning the framework of inquiry itself.
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TRIZ
Altshuller's pattern-based system for technical innovation, drawn from millions of patents.
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Trolley Problem
Foot and Thomson's thought experiment probing intuitions about killing vs letting die.
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Trompenaars' Cultural Dimensions
Alternative cross-cultural framework emphasizing relationships, time, and environment.
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Trunk-Based Development
Short-lived branches and frequent merges to a single trunk.
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Tuckman's Stages
Stage model of small-group development including the later-added 'adjourning.'
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Twelve-Factor App
Heroku's methodology for building scalable, declarative SaaS applications.
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Twelve-Tone Technique
Schoenberg's compositional system organizing pitch material around ordered rows containing all twelve pitch classes, manipulated through transposition, inversion, and retrograde.
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Two-Level Games
Putnam's model of international negotiation as simultaneous play at domestic and international tables.
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Two-Sided Markets
Rochet and Tirole's framework for markets where two distinct user groups create value for each other.
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Universal Design
Mace's framework: design usable by all people without need for adaptation.
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Universal Design for Learning
Multiple means of engagement, representation, and action/expression.
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Universal Grammar
Chomsky's hypothesis of innate linguistic structure shared across all human languages.
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US GAAP
Body of accounting standards governing US financial reporting, codified in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification.
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Utilitarianism
Maximize aggregate well-being; classical (Bentham, Mill) and contemporary variants.
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V-Model
Software development model pairing each design phase with a corresponding test phase.
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Value Proposition Canvas
Aligns customer pains, gains, and jobs to product features and benefits.
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Veil of Ignorance
Choose principles of justice without knowing your own position in society.
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Veil of Ignorance Method
Reasoning device for fairness by stripping knowledge of one's own position.
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Vico's Corsi e Ricorsi
Giambattista Vico's cyclical theory of historical recurrence through ages of gods, heroes, and men, articulated in the New Science.
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Virtue Ethics
Ethics centered on character traits and human flourishing rather than rules or consequences.
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Vogeler's Writer's Journey
Writer's adaptation of Campbell's monomyth for screenwriters.
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Voice Leading Rules
Body of rules governing the linear connection of voices in tonal harmony, of which species counterpoint is the pedagogical version.
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VRIO Framework
Tests resources for Value, Rarity, Imitability, and Organization to find sustained advantage.
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Wardley Mapping ⚑
Strategy via value-chain components plotted against evolutionary maturity.
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Waterfall Model
Sequential development phases with each completed before the next begins.
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Webb's Depth of Knowledge
Four levels of cognitive complexity: recall, skill/concept, strategic thinking, extended thinking.
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Weber's Bureaucracy
Ideal-type bureaucracy characterized by hierarchy, rules, impersonality, and technical expertise.
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Whig History
Progressivist historical narrative reading the past as inevitable advance toward present liberal institutions, named and critiqued by Herbert Butterfield.
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Wireframing ⚑
Low-fidelity visual layout of an interface focusing on structure and content priority.
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World-Systems Theory
Wallerstein's framework of core, periphery, and semi-periphery in the global capitalist system.
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Wu Wei
Taoist principle of effortless action in accord with the flow of things.
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YAGNI
XP principle: don't build functionality until it's actually required.
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Yamas and Niyamas
Yogic ethical restraints (yamas) and observances (niyamas) from Patanjali.
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Yellow Book
GAO's Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards governing audits of US government entities and federal funds.
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Zachman Framework
Enterprise architecture taxonomy intersecting six perspectives with six abstractions (what, how, where, who, when, why).
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Zero Trust Architecture
Security model assuming no implicit trust based on network location; every access decision is verified.
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Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's gap between what a learner can do alone and with guidance.
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ZOPA
The range between parties' reservation prices within which any agreement is mutually acceptable.
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